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Aperlena

Guides

Plain-language guides to European public procurement - how it works, and how to win.

36 guides in six languages latest issue September 9, 2026

Contents

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Putting the bid together, asking the buyer questions and the errors that get a bid rejected.

  1. 1. Guide 02: How to bid on your first public tender

    A step-by-step introduction for small businesses bidding on European public contracts for the first time - from finding the right notice to submitting a compliant offer.

  2. 2. Guide 31: Asking questions during a tender: the clarification phase most bidders waste

    Every tender has a window in which bidders may ask the buyer questions, and every answer becomes part of the tender for everyone. What you may ask, the deadlines the law sets, how to phrase a question that fixes a restrictive specification, and what to do when the answer changes the deal.

  3. 3. Guide 10: Nine mistakes that get tender bids disqualified (and how to avoid them)

    Most bids don't lose on quality - they lose on avoidable formal errors. The nine most common disqualifiers in European tenders, with the checks that prevent each one.

  4. 4. Guide 34: Dynamic purchasing systems and electronic auctions: how buyers run repeat purchases

    A dynamic purchasing system is a framework you can join at any time; an electronic auction is a live price competition after evaluation. How each works, the deadlines the directive fixes, when a buyer may use them, and how to compete in a market that never quite closes.

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